Why OCR* Matters Every lunar excavation, every drill refusal, every energy spike recorded since Apollo tells the same story, the Moon’s surface is already pre-loaded. Traditional soil parameters, density, cohesion, friction, don’t explain this behavior. They describe the current state, not the stress memory built over billions of years. The Lunar Overconsolidation Ratio (OCR*) changes that. It defines how much higher the maximum past effective stress (σ'p,max) is compared to

The Apollo Anomaly and the Limits of Terrestrial Models Introducing the Lunar Overconsolidation Ratio (OCR*): A Framework for Predictive...

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Introduction 1.1 Overview: Lunar Mass Concentrations and Their Relevance to Excavation Lunar mass concentrations (mascons) represent...

Strategies and Technologies for Sustainable Surface Operations and In-Situ Resource Utilization Abstract This technical white paper...